A. The Change of The Pattern of Thought
1. The pigs
The change of the pattern of thought of animals initialed by the adoption of old Major’s thought about the freedom of animals. Old Major’s teaching is the root of animalism, which raise the spirit to be independent, to get rid of man’s domination. The change of the pattern of thought also happens to almost all animals in the farm, and the pigs the more intelligent animals have come firstly as the consumer as the Old Major’s thought. Old Major’s speech has given new outlook on life.
Major’s speech had given to the more intelligent animal in the farm a completely new outlook on life. They did not know when the rebellion predicted by Major would take place, they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime, but they saw clearly that it was duty to prepare it. The work of teaching and organizing the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognized as being the cleverest of the animals. (Animal Farm, 1945:15)
The pigs are animals that firstly absorb Major’s speech that rebellion has to be conducted to overthrow human’s domination. Before that they did not realize that they have been enslaved and dominated by human being. They used to think that it is their natural life. But after old major’s speech they get enlightenment, it changes the way of their thinking, to get their rights that have been curbed.
The commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away. They run thus, whatever goes upon two legs in an enemy, whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend, no animal shall wear clothes, no animals shall sleep in a bed, no animals shall drink alcohol, no animal shall kill any other animal, all animals are equal. (Animal Farm, 1945:23)
Then the pigs elaborated old major’s teaching into what it is called Animalism, which contain the value life and guide line of animals in the farm. The point of this concept is the freedom of animals from human interference and the respect of right among animals which is written in the seven commandments. In the commandment, it is elaborated the new outlook of animals life, to have the same right, to oppose human being and to leave any attribute and activities which is used by human being.
But this great mission of has been changing after the rebellion. The pigs have the different interest, the condition has changed after they look that the prosperous farm is theirs. Firstly the pigs become the director in the farm, which do not work instead supervise and direct others.
1. The pigs
The change of the pattern of thought of animals initialed by the adoption of old Major’s thought about the freedom of animals. Old Major’s teaching is the root of animalism, which raise the spirit to be independent, to get rid of man’s domination. The change of the pattern of thought also happens to almost all animals in the farm, and the pigs the more intelligent animals have come firstly as the consumer as the Old Major’s thought. Old Major’s speech has given new outlook on life.
Major’s speech had given to the more intelligent animal in the farm a completely new outlook on life. They did not know when the rebellion predicted by Major would take place, they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime, but they saw clearly that it was duty to prepare it. The work of teaching and organizing the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognized as being the cleverest of the animals. (Animal Farm, 1945:15)
The pigs are animals that firstly absorb Major’s speech that rebellion has to be conducted to overthrow human’s domination. Before that they did not realize that they have been enslaved and dominated by human being. They used to think that it is their natural life. But after old major’s speech they get enlightenment, it changes the way of their thinking, to get their rights that have been curbed.
The commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away. They run thus, whatever goes upon two legs in an enemy, whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend, no animal shall wear clothes, no animals shall sleep in a bed, no animals shall drink alcohol, no animal shall kill any other animal, all animals are equal. (Animal Farm, 1945:23)
Then the pigs elaborated old major’s teaching into what it is called Animalism, which contain the value life and guide line of animals in the farm. The point of this concept is the freedom of animals from human interference and the respect of right among animals which is written in the seven commandments. In the commandment, it is elaborated the new outlook of animals life, to have the same right, to oppose human being and to leave any attribute and activities which is used by human being.
But this great mission of has been changing after the rebellion. The pigs have the different interest, the condition has changed after they look that the prosperous farm is theirs. Firstly the pigs become the director in the farm, which do not work instead supervise and direct others.
And tramp steadily round and round the field with pigs walking behind and calling out “gee up, comrade!” or ‘Whoa back, comrade!’ as the case might be. And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. (Animal Farm, 1945:25)
Finally Pigs positions themselves as the masters in the farm, they do not only direct others in work but also they have power to control and manage the farm. Less work and more talk could be said. But it is a familiar reason when the squealer that anything the pigs eat and do is for the sake of the prosperous Farm.
Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Surely, comrades, cried squealer almost pleadingly, skipping form side to side and whisking his tail, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? (Animal Farm 1945:33).
The pigs have made advantages on others’ stupidity, then squealer deceives others with his great talent in playing words. He explains to other animals that milk and apples are needed by pigs, not because they like it, but because of their need of the substances on those food which will be used to create well being pigs in the farm as the thinker. The only undebatable reason is to secure the farm from human invasion. The pigs that firstly has the same purpose with other has been changed after the rebellion, the pigs has become the new dominant master in the farm.
As Weber makes guideline of a power as a possibility that the doer or the power holder will be able to guard his interest even though opposed by others with whom he or she gets involved in interaction. While concept of domination according to Weber is a concept which refers to any power oppression cases, where the doer follow the specific order directed by others (Economy and Society, 1968: 62)
2. Other animals
Loane in the Theory of Mind states that everyday folk concepts beliefs and, desires and motives are a type of theory for predicting how other humans will behave (www.geocities.com/marcusra/of mind.htm)
The other animals are the hens, the sheep, the cows, the two cart horses those are Boxer and Clove, the white goat named Muriel, and the Donkey named Benjamin. They are the animals that later become the low class in the farm, take part as the workers.
Long before the rebellion happened, almost all animals have their old-fashioned thinking that what they experience is their natural life. Simply, they think that Jones is their master who must be followed loyally because he has feed them, and prevent them from starving.
At the beginning they met such stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of the loyalty to Mr. Jones whom they referred to as ‘master’ or made elementary remarks such as ‘Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death. Others asked such question as ‘why should we care what happens after we dead? Or ‘if this rebellion to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not? (Animal Farm, 1945:16)
The animals acknowledged Mr. Jones as the one who has helped them, to give foods, and take care of them. They do not realize that they had been fooled by Jones. They don’t care about how hard they work and how minimum the food the gets in return, because they suppose that is their life.
The thought consumption has been changing the pattern of thinking of the most of animals in the farm. The spirit of animalism firstly is raised by the pigs as the first adopter then spread it to others. Rebellion comes onward due to the ignorance of Mr. Jones. Then in the post of rebellion is used by the pigs to teach other about animalism, a new concept that is completely different from before. It teaches them to highly respecting animals.
It was very neatly written, and except that ‘friend’ was written ‘freind’ and one of the’S’s’ was the wrong way round, the spelling was correct all the way through. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of others. All animals nodded in complete agreement, and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart. (Animal Farm, 1945:23)
Because of the spirit of Animalism the animals would be ready to work hard, they work like slaves but they do it happily, even through the spring and summer even animals must work harder with longer hour, they have work a sixty hour week and even in August Napoleon ordered them to work in Sunday noon.
All that year the animals worked like a slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack idle, thieving human being. Throughout the spring and the summer they worked a sixty hour week, and inn august Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday after noon as well. (Animal Farm 1945:53)
The effect of thought consuming, the other animals have set their minds to be the master in the farm. They do not feel regretful for their scarification. Even they work like slaves, but they were happy as long as they feel that they are free from human being. The thought which is seed in animal’s mind by the old major is that human is their enemy, and then it is strengthened by the pigs represented by the squealer that whatever they do is to prevent Jones or his allies reinstate the farm.
When some animals are executed by Napoleon, the animals can do nothing, and Clover feels so sad to testify her Comrades being torn into peaces, she feels so sad but there is no thought of rebellion or disobedience in her mind. She still believes that they are still far better than they had been in Jones’ days.
Finally Pigs positions themselves as the masters in the farm, they do not only direct others in work but also they have power to control and manage the farm. Less work and more talk could be said. But it is a familiar reason when the squealer that anything the pigs eat and do is for the sake of the prosperous Farm.
Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Surely, comrades, cried squealer almost pleadingly, skipping form side to side and whisking his tail, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? (Animal Farm 1945:33).
The pigs have made advantages on others’ stupidity, then squealer deceives others with his great talent in playing words. He explains to other animals that milk and apples are needed by pigs, not because they like it, but because of their need of the substances on those food which will be used to create well being pigs in the farm as the thinker. The only undebatable reason is to secure the farm from human invasion. The pigs that firstly has the same purpose with other has been changed after the rebellion, the pigs has become the new dominant master in the farm.
As Weber makes guideline of a power as a possibility that the doer or the power holder will be able to guard his interest even though opposed by others with whom he or she gets involved in interaction. While concept of domination according to Weber is a concept which refers to any power oppression cases, where the doer follow the specific order directed by others (Economy and Society, 1968: 62)
2. Other animals
Loane in the Theory of Mind states that everyday folk concepts beliefs and, desires and motives are a type of theory for predicting how other humans will behave (www.geocities.com/marcusra/of mind.htm)
The other animals are the hens, the sheep, the cows, the two cart horses those are Boxer and Clove, the white goat named Muriel, and the Donkey named Benjamin. They are the animals that later become the low class in the farm, take part as the workers.
Long before the rebellion happened, almost all animals have their old-fashioned thinking that what they experience is their natural life. Simply, they think that Jones is their master who must be followed loyally because he has feed them, and prevent them from starving.
At the beginning they met such stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of the loyalty to Mr. Jones whom they referred to as ‘master’ or made elementary remarks such as ‘Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death. Others asked such question as ‘why should we care what happens after we dead? Or ‘if this rebellion to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not? (Animal Farm, 1945:16)
The animals acknowledged Mr. Jones as the one who has helped them, to give foods, and take care of them. They do not realize that they had been fooled by Jones. They don’t care about how hard they work and how minimum the food the gets in return, because they suppose that is their life.
The thought consumption has been changing the pattern of thinking of the most of animals in the farm. The spirit of animalism firstly is raised by the pigs as the first adopter then spread it to others. Rebellion comes onward due to the ignorance of Mr. Jones. Then in the post of rebellion is used by the pigs to teach other about animalism, a new concept that is completely different from before. It teaches them to highly respecting animals.
It was very neatly written, and except that ‘friend’ was written ‘freind’ and one of the’S’s’ was the wrong way round, the spelling was correct all the way through. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of others. All animals nodded in complete agreement, and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart. (Animal Farm, 1945:23)
Because of the spirit of Animalism the animals would be ready to work hard, they work like slaves but they do it happily, even through the spring and summer even animals must work harder with longer hour, they have work a sixty hour week and even in August Napoleon ordered them to work in Sunday noon.
All that year the animals worked like a slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack idle, thieving human being. Throughout the spring and the summer they worked a sixty hour week, and inn august Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday after noon as well. (Animal Farm 1945:53)
The effect of thought consuming, the other animals have set their minds to be the master in the farm. They do not feel regretful for their scarification. Even they work like slaves, but they were happy as long as they feel that they are free from human being. The thought which is seed in animal’s mind by the old major is that human is their enemy, and then it is strengthened by the pigs represented by the squealer that whatever they do is to prevent Jones or his allies reinstate the farm.
When some animals are executed by Napoleon, the animals can do nothing, and Clover feels so sad to testify her Comrades being torn into peaces, she feels so sad but there is no thought of rebellion or disobedience in her mind. She still believes that they are still far better than they had been in Jones’ days.
Instead- she did not know why – they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind, h\when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades, torn to peaces after confessing to shocking crimes. There was no thought of rebellion or disobedience in her mind. She knew that, even as things were, they were far better off than they had been in the days of Jones, and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of Human being (Animal Farm, 1945:76)
From above quotation known, that Clover and other animals have hard life after rebellion, even they such rude action by must be experienced by their own comrades, but they never think that such action is an abuse. They keep faithful, work hard and carry out the orders assigned by their leader, because they have been patterned in their mind that whatever happen id for the sake for their safety. To prevent Jones’ back, they think that their life is still far better than in Jones’ days.
Napoleon commands that once in once in a week, there should be held what is called Spontaneous Demonstration. A way to celebrate the triumph of animal farm, they have more songs, more speeches, and procession. Then they march around the farm in military formation. Some animals’ thinks that it is wasting time but most animals enjoy such celebration and make them forget their misery life and empty bellies.
The sheep were the greatest devotees of Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as A few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of ‘four legs good, two legs bad!’ but by and large the animals enjoyed this celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that then work they did was for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer’s list of figures, the thunder of gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies empty, at least part of the time. (Animal Farm, 1945:98).
From the above quote described that animals really do not realize that they have been exploited by their own comrades, the pigs. They always flattered by a belief that they are free; they are the master for themselves. They are too proud with their triumph upon human beings, that make them even forget that their life is worst, they live in starving and bad condition.
When the animals live in hungry, sleep on straw, drink from the pool, labor in the field, sometimes pasting in their mind where is the bitter life, whether known or in Jones’ time, but they can not remember the past and squealer always keep explaining to them that everything getting better and better and the animals never gave up hope, they keep their sense of honor & privileged of being the member of Animal Farm.
And yet the animals never gave up hope. More they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honors or privilege in being members of animal farm. They were still the only farm in the whole country – in al England!- owned and operated by animals. Not one of them, not even the youngest, not even the new comers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away, ever ceased to marvel at that. ( Animal Farm, 1945:111)
The animals are proud enough with their triumph and success to build the farm by themselves, it does not matter they life in misery, and hard work they really get satisfied to being the member of Animal Farm. Their pride has made them receipt the consequences of being the member in animal Farm, being the slaves of the pigs. The thought consuming have form their pattern of thought about liberty in their own narrow perception, in their view freedom is being free from human domination even thought must be fall to other master that is the pigs.
This condition actually represents the change of pattern of thought of Russian people in the post revolution. The pigs are representation of the Stalin and the officials, and the dogs represent his Guard that is KGB. The change of pigs represents the change of Stalin and the official who turn to serve their own interest. Stalin. Stalin is the official of the party beside Lenin and Trotsky, then rise to power after the death of Lenin and the exile of Trotsky. Trotsky helped by his allies and KGB as his guard has become a dictator leader.
As stated by Adam B Ulam that “ for amazing as it may seem now, there was still general disbelief that Stalin was capable of becoming a sole dictator. He was a man who was dangerous because of his organizational skill. It was thought but he need a more subtle theoretical mind to guide him in political matters” (Stalin, the Man & his Era, 1973:253)
Stalin who is acknowledged as the applicant of Marxism, has deviated term of dictatorship in Marxism which means workers’ democracy, has been deviated to the totalitarian that will destroy anyone who opposes his policy. The spirit of Stalin to create Socialism Country has been changed to the will to serve his own interest.
And the change of other animals represents the changes of Russian people, to be the loyalist in supporting socialism country under Stalin. Russian people have given great sacrifices toward the government in the construction of Great industries through five year plan and collectivization policy made by Stalin.
Clover and other animals except Pigs and dogs in this novel represent the peasantry and the workers in Russia who have to work extra hard to support the realization of socialist country, which laid its basic strength in productive force. As Lamont in his book Soviet Civilization state that the third five year plan scheduled for 1930-1942 was designed to continue this progress but with the growing of menace of foreign aggression and the outbreak of the second world war in 1939, the stress had to be shifted to the production of defense implements such as Guns, Airplanes, thanks and accelerated increase in consumer goods was necessary postponed. Again the sacrifices on the part of the Soviet people paid off in the terms of the future (Lamont, 1952:42).
He also states that in the post revolution era Russian has to make great sacrifices to the foundation of Socialism nation. Since the revolution the domestic or international situation has repeatedly called on them to make tremendous sacrifices, but those sacrifices have always had meaning and purpose. The soviet people have suffered, bled and died as they did during the Nazi onslaught from 1941-1945. In order to preserve their new socialist order and to press forward with the fulfillment of the Marxist ideal of society, guaranteeing security abundance and freedom to every one. (Lamont, 1952:41)
During Stalin reign, there are some threat from other country, specially German. At first Stalin made cooperation agreement with Hitler, and German agree that they will not attack Russia, but Hitler betrayed the agreement and in preparing to invade Russia. This moment is used by Stalin to attract sympathy and raise their spirit to defend the country, and all citizens give anything they have to defend the country.
B. The Division Of Class
Karl Marx defined class in terms of the extent to which an individual or social group has control over the means of production. In Marxist term class is a group of people defined by their relationship to the means of production. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/class analysis).
1. High Class
In Animal Farm, since the earlier of the post-rebellion, the pigs have become the superior. Before the reign of Napoleon even the pigs have positioned themselves as a more respected class. They take important place among other in any aspects of animal life in the farm. Ranging from the division of works, foods to the shelter. In the chapter II, when they began to run their farm, while other animals are working hardly, the pigs take place as the master or director of the animals.
But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood business of mowing and raking far better than John and his men had ever done. The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised others. With their special knowledge it as natural that they should assume the leadership. (Animal Farm, 1945: 25)
It also happens with food sharing, the pigs always get special ration than others. While other animals eat grain or drink water from the pool, while the pigs eat the most luxurious food in the farm that is apples and drink milk which is feeded from the cow.
We pigs are brain-workers. The whole management and organization of this farm depend of us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes surely, comrade, cried squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back (Animal Farm, 1945:33)
With their smartness, the pigs have manipulated the other animals to be treated specially and act rudely. The class classification appeared in the section the pigs as the superior and the others as inferior. Even in the case of sleep, the pigs live in Jones’s house, and sleep in bed, Napoleon even wears Jones' clothes and drinks alcohol, while the others sleep in he barn with inadequate food.
It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was also more suited to the dignity of the leader (for the late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of ‘Leader’) to live in a house than in a mere sty. (Animal Farm, 1945:59)
Napoleon also built School room privately for the education of the pigs, even there is a regulation to the other animals that they should stand aside when they meet the pigs on the path, and they also establish privilege for the pigs to wearing green ribbon in the tails on Sunday.
It was announced that later, when bricks and timber had been purchased, a schoolroom would be built in the farm house garden. For the time being, the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. They took their exercise in the garden, and were discouraged from playing with other young animals. About this time too, it was laid down as a rule that when a pigs and any other animal met on the path, the other animal must stand aside, and also that the pigs, of whatever degree, were to have privilege of wearing green ribbons an their tails on Sunday (Animal Farm, 1945:96)
Class division also emerges in educational field. Only the pigs that have the right to get education in the farm. Even the pigs are isolated from other animals and discouraged form playing with them. The pigs also positioned themselves as the high class shown in their behavior when met with the other animals, the other animals must stand aside to respect the pigs, also special attribute like green ribbon is purposed to differentiate them with other animals.
2. Low Class
Since in the earlier page the other animals except the pigs have become the workers in the farm. The workers are the representation of the lower class. Other animals would devote themselves until the last atom of their energy to the development of the farm. Since they were convinced that the farm is theirs, than they can harvest the corps by themselves. The spirit of the animals is inspired by the spirit of animalism which is written in the seventh commandment, the seventh article that sounds all animals are equal.
From above quotation known, that Clover and other animals have hard life after rebellion, even they such rude action by must be experienced by their own comrades, but they never think that such action is an abuse. They keep faithful, work hard and carry out the orders assigned by their leader, because they have been patterned in their mind that whatever happen id for the sake for their safety. To prevent Jones’ back, they think that their life is still far better than in Jones’ days.
Napoleon commands that once in once in a week, there should be held what is called Spontaneous Demonstration. A way to celebrate the triumph of animal farm, they have more songs, more speeches, and procession. Then they march around the farm in military formation. Some animals’ thinks that it is wasting time but most animals enjoy such celebration and make them forget their misery life and empty bellies.
The sheep were the greatest devotees of Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as A few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of ‘four legs good, two legs bad!’ but by and large the animals enjoyed this celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that then work they did was for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer’s list of figures, the thunder of gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies empty, at least part of the time. (Animal Farm, 1945:98).
From the above quote described that animals really do not realize that they have been exploited by their own comrades, the pigs. They always flattered by a belief that they are free; they are the master for themselves. They are too proud with their triumph upon human beings, that make them even forget that their life is worst, they live in starving and bad condition.
When the animals live in hungry, sleep on straw, drink from the pool, labor in the field, sometimes pasting in their mind where is the bitter life, whether known or in Jones’ time, but they can not remember the past and squealer always keep explaining to them that everything getting better and better and the animals never gave up hope, they keep their sense of honor & privileged of being the member of Animal Farm.
And yet the animals never gave up hope. More they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honors or privilege in being members of animal farm. They were still the only farm in the whole country – in al England!- owned and operated by animals. Not one of them, not even the youngest, not even the new comers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away, ever ceased to marvel at that. ( Animal Farm, 1945:111)
The animals are proud enough with their triumph and success to build the farm by themselves, it does not matter they life in misery, and hard work they really get satisfied to being the member of Animal Farm. Their pride has made them receipt the consequences of being the member in animal Farm, being the slaves of the pigs. The thought consuming have form their pattern of thought about liberty in their own narrow perception, in their view freedom is being free from human domination even thought must be fall to other master that is the pigs.
This condition actually represents the change of pattern of thought of Russian people in the post revolution. The pigs are representation of the Stalin and the officials, and the dogs represent his Guard that is KGB. The change of pigs represents the change of Stalin and the official who turn to serve their own interest. Stalin. Stalin is the official of the party beside Lenin and Trotsky, then rise to power after the death of Lenin and the exile of Trotsky. Trotsky helped by his allies and KGB as his guard has become a dictator leader.
As stated by Adam B Ulam that “ for amazing as it may seem now, there was still general disbelief that Stalin was capable of becoming a sole dictator. He was a man who was dangerous because of his organizational skill. It was thought but he need a more subtle theoretical mind to guide him in political matters” (Stalin, the Man & his Era, 1973:253)
Stalin who is acknowledged as the applicant of Marxism, has deviated term of dictatorship in Marxism which means workers’ democracy, has been deviated to the totalitarian that will destroy anyone who opposes his policy. The spirit of Stalin to create Socialism Country has been changed to the will to serve his own interest.
And the change of other animals represents the changes of Russian people, to be the loyalist in supporting socialism country under Stalin. Russian people have given great sacrifices toward the government in the construction of Great industries through five year plan and collectivization policy made by Stalin.
Clover and other animals except Pigs and dogs in this novel represent the peasantry and the workers in Russia who have to work extra hard to support the realization of socialist country, which laid its basic strength in productive force. As Lamont in his book Soviet Civilization state that the third five year plan scheduled for 1930-1942 was designed to continue this progress but with the growing of menace of foreign aggression and the outbreak of the second world war in 1939, the stress had to be shifted to the production of defense implements such as Guns, Airplanes, thanks and accelerated increase in consumer goods was necessary postponed. Again the sacrifices on the part of the Soviet people paid off in the terms of the future (Lamont, 1952:42).
He also states that in the post revolution era Russian has to make great sacrifices to the foundation of Socialism nation. Since the revolution the domestic or international situation has repeatedly called on them to make tremendous sacrifices, but those sacrifices have always had meaning and purpose. The soviet people have suffered, bled and died as they did during the Nazi onslaught from 1941-1945. In order to preserve their new socialist order and to press forward with the fulfillment of the Marxist ideal of society, guaranteeing security abundance and freedom to every one. (Lamont, 1952:41)
During Stalin reign, there are some threat from other country, specially German. At first Stalin made cooperation agreement with Hitler, and German agree that they will not attack Russia, but Hitler betrayed the agreement and in preparing to invade Russia. This moment is used by Stalin to attract sympathy and raise their spirit to defend the country, and all citizens give anything they have to defend the country.
B. The Division Of Class
Karl Marx defined class in terms of the extent to which an individual or social group has control over the means of production. In Marxist term class is a group of people defined by their relationship to the means of production. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/class analysis).
1. High Class
In Animal Farm, since the earlier of the post-rebellion, the pigs have become the superior. Before the reign of Napoleon even the pigs have positioned themselves as a more respected class. They take important place among other in any aspects of animal life in the farm. Ranging from the division of works, foods to the shelter. In the chapter II, when they began to run their farm, while other animals are working hardly, the pigs take place as the master or director of the animals.
But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood business of mowing and raking far better than John and his men had ever done. The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised others. With their special knowledge it as natural that they should assume the leadership. (Animal Farm, 1945: 25)
It also happens with food sharing, the pigs always get special ration than others. While other animals eat grain or drink water from the pool, while the pigs eat the most luxurious food in the farm that is apples and drink milk which is feeded from the cow.
We pigs are brain-workers. The whole management and organization of this farm depend of us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes surely, comrade, cried squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back (Animal Farm, 1945:33)
With their smartness, the pigs have manipulated the other animals to be treated specially and act rudely. The class classification appeared in the section the pigs as the superior and the others as inferior. Even in the case of sleep, the pigs live in Jones’s house, and sleep in bed, Napoleon even wears Jones' clothes and drinks alcohol, while the others sleep in he barn with inadequate food.
It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was also more suited to the dignity of the leader (for the late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of ‘Leader’) to live in a house than in a mere sty. (Animal Farm, 1945:59)
Napoleon also built School room privately for the education of the pigs, even there is a regulation to the other animals that they should stand aside when they meet the pigs on the path, and they also establish privilege for the pigs to wearing green ribbon in the tails on Sunday.
It was announced that later, when bricks and timber had been purchased, a schoolroom would be built in the farm house garden. For the time being, the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. They took their exercise in the garden, and were discouraged from playing with other young animals. About this time too, it was laid down as a rule that when a pigs and any other animal met on the path, the other animal must stand aside, and also that the pigs, of whatever degree, were to have privilege of wearing green ribbons an their tails on Sunday (Animal Farm, 1945:96)
Class division also emerges in educational field. Only the pigs that have the right to get education in the farm. Even the pigs are isolated from other animals and discouraged form playing with them. The pigs also positioned themselves as the high class shown in their behavior when met with the other animals, the other animals must stand aside to respect the pigs, also special attribute like green ribbon is purposed to differentiate them with other animals.
2. Low Class
Since in the earlier page the other animals except the pigs have become the workers in the farm. The workers are the representation of the lower class. Other animals would devote themselves until the last atom of their energy to the development of the farm. Since they were convinced that the farm is theirs, than they can harvest the corps by themselves. The spirit of the animals is inspired by the spirit of animalism which is written in the seventh commandment, the seventh article that sounds all animals are equal.
How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in ! But their efforts were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. Sometimes the work was hard, the implements has been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. (Animal Farm, 1945:25)
All animals participate in the working of the farm, except the pigs, taking part as the supervisor to other animals, even the hens and the ducks contribute to the humblest work in the farm. All participate according to their capacity. Because of their foolishness they are often taken advantage by the pigs.
In case of the state of mind, the other animals couldn’t go beyond the pigs, even thought they have been thought by Snowball, the pioneer pigs in the farm. Only some of them who can read and write well, even some only can not remember all letters by heart
Muriel the goat, could read somewhat better the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the other in the evenings from scraps of news paper which she found on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read as well as any pigs, but never exercised his faculty. So far as he knew he said, there was nothing worth reading. Clover learns the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D, he would trace out A, B,C,D in the dust with the great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back. (Animal Farm, 1945:30)
Muriel and Benjamin can be said cleverer than others, but they never show up or rare to use their ability. Clover, Boxer and other are the stupid animals they even could not remember all the letters by hearth. That is way they can not read and write. It indicates their position as the lower class who always identical with the backwardness.
All animals work like slaves, even they have to work sixty hour per week, and work on Sunday afternoon, they cannot refuse it or absent from this duty, unless they will get their rations being reduced. Napoleon has made the decision by themselves that can not be rejected by others.
Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week, and in August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it should be having his ration reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone. (Animal Farm, 1945:53)
Napoleon policy can not be cancelled. It is really new exploitation for them, when they have to surrender their power till the last atom of their energy, while they get minimum rewards, even for food, they don’t get much more better than in the Jones’ era. Even they have to get their ration being reduced by half if they are absent in Sunday, the ridiculous policy made by Napoleon.
All animals participate in the working of the farm, except the pigs, taking part as the supervisor to other animals, even the hens and the ducks contribute to the humblest work in the farm. All participate according to their capacity. Because of their foolishness they are often taken advantage by the pigs.
In case of the state of mind, the other animals couldn’t go beyond the pigs, even thought they have been thought by Snowball, the pioneer pigs in the farm. Only some of them who can read and write well, even some only can not remember all letters by heart
Muriel the goat, could read somewhat better the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the other in the evenings from scraps of news paper which she found on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read as well as any pigs, but never exercised his faculty. So far as he knew he said, there was nothing worth reading. Clover learns the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D, he would trace out A, B,C,D in the dust with the great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back. (Animal Farm, 1945:30)
Muriel and Benjamin can be said cleverer than others, but they never show up or rare to use their ability. Clover, Boxer and other are the stupid animals they even could not remember all the letters by hearth. That is way they can not read and write. It indicates their position as the lower class who always identical with the backwardness.
All animals work like slaves, even they have to work sixty hour per week, and work on Sunday afternoon, they cannot refuse it or absent from this duty, unless they will get their rations being reduced. Napoleon has made the decision by themselves that can not be rejected by others.
Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week, and in August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it should be having his ration reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone. (Animal Farm, 1945:53)
Napoleon policy can not be cancelled. It is really new exploitation for them, when they have to surrender their power till the last atom of their energy, while they get minimum rewards, even for food, they don’t get much more better than in the Jones’ era. Even they have to get their ration being reduced by half if they are absent in Sunday, the ridiculous policy made by Napoleon.
The other animals also have no right to either make or reject the decision or policy which is applied in the farm. Even though the policy seems to be the odds thing and don’t stand aside for them they stand quietly, sometimes just murmured but then will be calm down after get explanation from squealer.
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any dealing with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make use of money-had not these been among the earliest resolution passed at that first triumphant meeting after Jones expelled? All the animals remember passing such resolutions, or at least they thought that they remember it. (Animal Farm, 1945:57)
Engaged in trade with human is a betrayal for the previous missions of the animals, but Napoleon makes this policy without any agreement from other animals. Their prior mission is to get rid of humans, to eliminate all attribute that resemblance with human and in the commandment even stated that: the “four legs is friend, two legs in enemy”. Even though it is a vague and odd thing for other animals, but they can not cast their complaint against Napoleon decision.
After the reign of Napoleon be a leader in the Farm, the only the pigs the animals who can get education. Even Napoleon builds special school for the pig, while the other animals prepare the materials to build the institution for the pigs.
The young pigs were piebald, and as Napoleon was the only boar, it was possible to guess as their parentage. It was announced that later, when the brick and timber had been purchased, a schoolroom would be built in the farm house garden. They took their exercise in the garden. For the time being, the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. (Animal Farm, 1945:96)
The gap between the pigs and the other animals is strongly shown from the above quote, the other animals just become the workers to complete all facility for the pigs, and they can not enjoy the facility in the farm. Even they are just rewarded minimum food, even victimized their rations being reduced, while the facility for the pigs is increased.
This condition actually portrays the condition in Russia in the post revolution where the society is divided into two classes that are the official as the high class and the working class as the low class. As the economy leapt forward, the wages and perks of top official grow much faster than the real wages of the workers. Some bureaucrats held several positions, thereby drawing several salaries. A system of subsidies for officials was also introduced from the level of chairman of a city soviet upwards. The rule preventing Communist Party officials receiving more than a skilled worker was formally abolished.
The bureaucracy was eager to share in the growing surplus produced by the labor of the Russian working class. It devoured, wasted and embezzled a considerable proportion of the national income. A small group of top officials were receiving privilege as early as the first Five-Year Plan by the creation of a system of special shops, distributing centers, and dining rooms, where goods could be obtained at fixed prizes- a great privilege in a period of inflation.
Other privilege is gradually built up such as a special hospital, holiday homes, dachas, etc. extra perks were also received by the Party officials for conferences, congresses, and so on. As parasites, the bureaucracy sought a bigger and bigger share of the national wealth.
C. The Famine
While the high class is prosperous enough, the working classes must stay in the threat of famine. When the shortage of food crashes the farm, the animals except pigs and dogs have had their ration being reduced. As usual this policy cannot be undoing, and the animals just stay in calm.
Meanwhile the life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and dogs. A too rigid equality in rations, squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principle of animalism. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of food, whatever the appearance might be. (Animal farm, 1945:95)
When the food is going shorter because the animals must make the windmill be the first priority, consequently, they don’t much concern with the farm that is way their store of food is going short. Again and again the majority of animal must be victimized. They must work hard under insufficient foods.
Still it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of the eighteen inches as before, which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. For a long time the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be done. Some progress was made in the dry frosty weather that followed, but it was cruel work, the animals could feel so hopeful about it has they had felt before. They were always cold, and usually hungry as well (Animal Farm, 1945:64)
The construction of the windmill has made animals to devote their maximum energy to the farm. The animals must work harder after the ruin of the windmill, because they have to rebuild it in stronger construction, which really use up energy and cost. Due to this fact, their store of food is going shorter. Consequently the animals must be the victim.
In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduced, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and discolored, and only a few were edible. For days at time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangles. Starvation seemed to stare them in the face. (Animal Farm 1945:65)
The condition of the animals is going worst, besides they must work extra hard, they must get their food being reduced, and it is not experienced by the dogs and the pigs. Even they must eat potatoes which are not edible for them. And the starvation just comes about to them.
Throughout that year the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year. To rebuild the windmill, with walls twice as thick as before, and to finish it by the appointed date, together with the regular work of the farm, was a tremendous labor. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hour and fed no better than they had done in Jones’s day. (Animal Farm 1945:79)
For the second time the windmill fell in ruin and it is the duty of animals to rebuild it. They have to work harder, even the hardest work and have to work with longer hour and fed no better than in the Jones’s day when they are enslaved, dominated. So their life is not much better than the past even worse, because they have overburdened work and lack of food.
In the winter when the store of food is going shorter, once again the rations were reduced except pigs and dogs. Meanwhile their life was hard, because they have to work in the chilly weather with in sufficient food. It is the real misery for the majority of animals in the farm
Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs. Too rigid equality in rations, squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of animalism. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of food, whatever the appearance might be. For the time being, certainly, it had been found necessary to make readjustment of rations. (Animal Farm, 1945:95)
The animals are always been victimized under bad condition, while the dogs and pigs still have the better life of the other misery. The animals have to be reduced their ration to support the run of the farm. But as usual squealer persuasively can convince other that it is not reduction but readjustment. The conspiracy of the pigs to exploit others animals really work out. And even it is done by squealer under the bad condition of the animals.
After his hoof had healed up, Boxer worked harder than ever. Indeed, all animals worked like slaves that year. Apart from the regular work of the farm, and the rebuilding of the windmill, there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs, which was started in March. Sometimes the long hours on insufficient food were hard to bear, but Boxer never faltered. (Animal Farm, 1945:100)
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any dealing with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make use of money-had not these been among the earliest resolution passed at that first triumphant meeting after Jones expelled? All the animals remember passing such resolutions, or at least they thought that they remember it. (Animal Farm, 1945:57)
Engaged in trade with human is a betrayal for the previous missions of the animals, but Napoleon makes this policy without any agreement from other animals. Their prior mission is to get rid of humans, to eliminate all attribute that resemblance with human and in the commandment even stated that: the “four legs is friend, two legs in enemy”. Even though it is a vague and odd thing for other animals, but they can not cast their complaint against Napoleon decision.
After the reign of Napoleon be a leader in the Farm, the only the pigs the animals who can get education. Even Napoleon builds special school for the pig, while the other animals prepare the materials to build the institution for the pigs.
The young pigs were piebald, and as Napoleon was the only boar, it was possible to guess as their parentage. It was announced that later, when the brick and timber had been purchased, a schoolroom would be built in the farm house garden. They took their exercise in the garden. For the time being, the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. (Animal Farm, 1945:96)
The gap between the pigs and the other animals is strongly shown from the above quote, the other animals just become the workers to complete all facility for the pigs, and they can not enjoy the facility in the farm. Even they are just rewarded minimum food, even victimized their rations being reduced, while the facility for the pigs is increased.
This condition actually portrays the condition in Russia in the post revolution where the society is divided into two classes that are the official as the high class and the working class as the low class. As the economy leapt forward, the wages and perks of top official grow much faster than the real wages of the workers. Some bureaucrats held several positions, thereby drawing several salaries. A system of subsidies for officials was also introduced from the level of chairman of a city soviet upwards. The rule preventing Communist Party officials receiving more than a skilled worker was formally abolished.
The bureaucracy was eager to share in the growing surplus produced by the labor of the Russian working class. It devoured, wasted and embezzled a considerable proportion of the national income. A small group of top officials were receiving privilege as early as the first Five-Year Plan by the creation of a system of special shops, distributing centers, and dining rooms, where goods could be obtained at fixed prizes- a great privilege in a period of inflation.
Other privilege is gradually built up such as a special hospital, holiday homes, dachas, etc. extra perks were also received by the Party officials for conferences, congresses, and so on. As parasites, the bureaucracy sought a bigger and bigger share of the national wealth.
C. The Famine
While the high class is prosperous enough, the working classes must stay in the threat of famine. When the shortage of food crashes the farm, the animals except pigs and dogs have had their ration being reduced. As usual this policy cannot be undoing, and the animals just stay in calm.
Meanwhile the life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and dogs. A too rigid equality in rations, squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principle of animalism. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of food, whatever the appearance might be. (Animal farm, 1945:95)
When the food is going shorter because the animals must make the windmill be the first priority, consequently, they don’t much concern with the farm that is way their store of food is going short. Again and again the majority of animal must be victimized. They must work hard under insufficient foods.
Still it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of the eighteen inches as before, which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. For a long time the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be done. Some progress was made in the dry frosty weather that followed, but it was cruel work, the animals could feel so hopeful about it has they had felt before. They were always cold, and usually hungry as well (Animal Farm, 1945:64)
The construction of the windmill has made animals to devote their maximum energy to the farm. The animals must work harder after the ruin of the windmill, because they have to rebuild it in stronger construction, which really use up energy and cost. Due to this fact, their store of food is going shorter. Consequently the animals must be the victim.
In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduced, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and discolored, and only a few were edible. For days at time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangles. Starvation seemed to stare them in the face. (Animal Farm 1945:65)
The condition of the animals is going worst, besides they must work extra hard, they must get their food being reduced, and it is not experienced by the dogs and the pigs. Even they must eat potatoes which are not edible for them. And the starvation just comes about to them.
Throughout that year the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year. To rebuild the windmill, with walls twice as thick as before, and to finish it by the appointed date, together with the regular work of the farm, was a tremendous labor. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hour and fed no better than they had done in Jones’s day. (Animal Farm 1945:79)
For the second time the windmill fell in ruin and it is the duty of animals to rebuild it. They have to work harder, even the hardest work and have to work with longer hour and fed no better than in the Jones’s day when they are enslaved, dominated. So their life is not much better than the past even worse, because they have overburdened work and lack of food.
In the winter when the store of food is going shorter, once again the rations were reduced except pigs and dogs. Meanwhile their life was hard, because they have to work in the chilly weather with in sufficient food. It is the real misery for the majority of animals in the farm
Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs. Too rigid equality in rations, squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of animalism. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of food, whatever the appearance might be. For the time being, certainly, it had been found necessary to make readjustment of rations. (Animal Farm, 1945:95)
The animals are always been victimized under bad condition, while the dogs and pigs still have the better life of the other misery. The animals have to be reduced their ration to support the run of the farm. But as usual squealer persuasively can convince other that it is not reduction but readjustment. The conspiracy of the pigs to exploit others animals really work out. And even it is done by squealer under the bad condition of the animals.
After his hoof had healed up, Boxer worked harder than ever. Indeed, all animals worked like slaves that year. Apart from the regular work of the farm, and the rebuilding of the windmill, there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs, which was started in March. Sometimes the long hours on insufficient food were hard to bear, but Boxer never faltered. (Animal Farm, 1945:100)
In the middle of the summer, they have to work like slaves; even Boxer who just heals from his wound must keep working, besides they have to build another windmill they also have to build school for the pigs. It is really contradiction, while the animals live in starving, work with the empty belly, the pigs just enjoy the all the facility inherited by Jones even, the animals build the facility for the pigs.
Famine which happens in Animal Farm actually represents the condition of Russia under Stalin Regime. The Russian civil war and war communism had a devastating effect on the country’s economy which is represented in anima farm with the attack of Humans into the farm.
A recover followed under the new economic policy, which allowed a degree of market flexibility within the context of socialism, under Stalin’s direction, this was replaced by a system of centrally ordained five year plans in the late 1920s. This called for a highly ambition program of state guided crash industrialization and collectivization of agricultural. This program is represented by the building of windmill in the farm and the collection of eggs four hundred per week.
With no seed capital, little international trade, and virtually no modern infrastructures, Stalin’s government financed industrialization by both restraining consumption on the part of ordinary Soviet citizen, to ensure that capital went for re-investment into industry by the ruthless extraction of wealth from the peasantry. In 1933, worker’s real earning sank to about one-tenth of the 1926 level. There was also use of unpaid labor of both common and political prisoners in labor camps and frequent mobilization communist and komosol members for various construction progress (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/josef Stalin)
The above fact is portrayed in the Animal Farm with the reduction of animal’s rations except the pigs’ and dogs’ also the extra work of other animals to rebuild windmill. The ruin of windmill symbolizes the industrialization in Russia under Stalin. Lamont in his book Soviet Civilization states that during the autumn and winter of 1921-1922, the Soviet Union suffered drought and famine aggravated by the shattered state of transportation and ravages of counter revolution & intervention and the war weariness of the peasantry, this crisis of crops & hunger brought another fearful toll. With at least a thousand of people perishing (Lamont, 1952:36)
Moorhead in the Russian Revolution from above stated that Soviet agriculture was collectivized at the cost of untold human misery. Living standards in the village fell catastrophically as rural handicraft than private trade collapse and above all, the peasantry lost control over the crop. For the same, the consequences were fatal. Serious harvest failure in 1931 & 1932, brought on by the dislocation of collectivization as well as by severely adverse weather conditions, caused horrendous famine in 1933 when at least one million an as many as five million died of disease and starvation (1985: 228).
All above condition is described in Animal farm with the misery of all animals under Napoleon Regime. The rebuild of windmill represents the five years plans and the build of school represents the build up of infrastructures which is enforced by Stalin under the bad economic condition of Russia. The policy which is implemented by Napoleon symbolizes the policy of Stalin.
Famine which happens in Animal Farm actually represents the condition of Russia under Stalin Regime. The Russian civil war and war communism had a devastating effect on the country’s economy which is represented in anima farm with the attack of Humans into the farm.
A recover followed under the new economic policy, which allowed a degree of market flexibility within the context of socialism, under Stalin’s direction, this was replaced by a system of centrally ordained five year plans in the late 1920s. This called for a highly ambition program of state guided crash industrialization and collectivization of agricultural. This program is represented by the building of windmill in the farm and the collection of eggs four hundred per week.
With no seed capital, little international trade, and virtually no modern infrastructures, Stalin’s government financed industrialization by both restraining consumption on the part of ordinary Soviet citizen, to ensure that capital went for re-investment into industry by the ruthless extraction of wealth from the peasantry. In 1933, worker’s real earning sank to about one-tenth of the 1926 level. There was also use of unpaid labor of both common and political prisoners in labor camps and frequent mobilization communist and komosol members for various construction progress (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/josef Stalin)
The above fact is portrayed in the Animal Farm with the reduction of animal’s rations except the pigs’ and dogs’ also the extra work of other animals to rebuild windmill. The ruin of windmill symbolizes the industrialization in Russia under Stalin. Lamont in his book Soviet Civilization states that during the autumn and winter of 1921-1922, the Soviet Union suffered drought and famine aggravated by the shattered state of transportation and ravages of counter revolution & intervention and the war weariness of the peasantry, this crisis of crops & hunger brought another fearful toll. With at least a thousand of people perishing (Lamont, 1952:36)
Moorhead in the Russian Revolution from above stated that Soviet agriculture was collectivized at the cost of untold human misery. Living standards in the village fell catastrophically as rural handicraft than private trade collapse and above all, the peasantry lost control over the crop. For the same, the consequences were fatal. Serious harvest failure in 1931 & 1932, brought on by the dislocation of collectivization as well as by severely adverse weather conditions, caused horrendous famine in 1933 when at least one million an as many as five million died of disease and starvation (1985: 228).
All above condition is described in Animal farm with the misery of all animals under Napoleon Regime. The rebuild of windmill represents the five years plans and the build of school represents the build up of infrastructures which is enforced by Stalin under the bad economic condition of Russia. The policy which is implemented by Napoleon symbolizes the policy of Stalin.
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